Location of the GV20 and EX-HN3 acupoints. (A) Angle and direction of acupuncture points and brain tissue structure at these points. The black circle indicates the hypothalamus. Dots represent the locations of GV20 and EX-HN3 on the human head (B) and mouse head (C).|@|~(^,^)~|@|Effects of EA on interscapular skin temperature and rectal temperature. (A) Typical infrared thermal images. (B) Comparison of the maximum, minimum, and average scapular skin temperatures of the mice in the EA and C groups. (C) Rectal temperature. (D) Food intake. (E) Body weight. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. C = control; EA = electroacupuncture.|@|~(^,^)~|@|Effects of EA on skin temperature along the governor vessel. (A) Typical infrared thermal images of the EA group. The white arrow indicates the location of the governor vessel acupoints. (B) Infrared thermal images of the C group. The white arrow indicates the location of the governor vessel acupoints. (C) Comparison of the temperature values of a segment of the governor vessel (from EX-HN3 to GV20) between the two groups. (D) Comparison of the average temperature of a segment of the governor vessel between the groups. *p < 0.05. C = control; EA = electroacupuncture; GV = governor vessel.|@|~(^,^)~|@|Effects of EA on BAT thermogenesis. (A) General images of BAT samples. (B) HE staining of adipose tissue. (C) Representative blots of the levels of UCP1 in BAT determined by western blotting. (D) UCP1 protein expression in the EA group compared with the C group. (E) Detection of UCP1 mRNA expression by real-time PCR. **p < 0.01. C = control; EA = electroacupuncture; BAT = brown adipose tissue; WAT = white adipose tissue; UCP1 = uncoupling protein 1; GAPDH = glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.|@|~(^,^)~|@|Schematic of the effects of EA on the thermogenesis pathway of brown adipocytes in mice.

J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2024;17:1~11 https://doi.org/10.51507/j.jams.2024.17.1.1