(A) Schematic diagram of cytokine-secreting T-cell activation by binding antibodies to CD3 and CD28 [18]. (B) Hypothetical structure of a 100% humanized anti-CD monoclonal antibody (Foralumab) [19]. (C) Schematic diagram of the Fc-directed antibody and constituent elements of the antibody [20].|@|~(^,^)~|@|(A) Actual shape and (B) tunneling electron microscope image of Foralumab, a 100% humanized anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody.|@|~(^,^)~|@|(A) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image and atomic intensities of O, S, and Fe for Ab. (B) The energy dispersive spectroscopy spectrum for Foralumab from TEM and atomic stoichiometric analyses. The S element is a major component constituting the frame of the Foralumab antibody. The characteristic energy for the S element is 2.307 keV.|@|~(^,^)~|@|Lymph node in vena cava of a rabbit (A) before and (B) after Alcian blue (AB) staining. (C) Floating primo vessel and (D) primo node inside a lymph vessel. White lines and circles indicate lymph and primo nodes, and arrows indicate lymph and primo vessels, respectively.|@|~(^,^)~|@|(A) Image of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection into the abdominal vena cava lymph node of a rabbit, (B) image of Alcian blue (AB) injection into lymph node, (C) image of AB spreading into the lymph vessel after its injection into the lymph node, (D) image of primo vessel in the lymph vessel after injection of LPS and AB into the lymph node, (E) image of Foralumab antibody injection into the lymph node, and (F) image of the primo vessel after treatment with Foralumab antibody in LPS-induced rabbit.

J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2022;15:37~42 https://doi.org/10.51507/j.jams.2022.15.1.37